The Common Programme, 1949

What was the Common Programme?

The Common Programme was the first, and temporary, constitution of the People's Republic of China.

When was the Common Programme written?

The Common Programme was written on 29th September, 1949 and was in use until 20th September, 1954, when it was replaced with a new constitution.

Who wrote the Common Programme?

The Chinese Communist Party (CCP) set up a special body to consult on what should go into the Common Programme. It was based on Mao Zedong Thought.

What was written in the Common Programme?

The Common Programme was a manifesto of what the CCP, under the guidance of Mao Zedong wanted to achieve in the future. It set out the following 5 intentions:

• ❖ The Chinese Communist Party would be in charge of all policy and organisations.
• ❖ Mao Zedong was elected chairman of the Central People's Government.
• ❖ A new democracy would be created to include most people who would benefit from their new freedoms, but a dictatorship would be applied towards those classed as counter revolutionaries or reactionaries.
• ❖ Reactionaries were the wealthy, landlords, members of the GMD, or those engaging in crimes against society.
• ❖ Old habits would be eradicated through changing the way people thought and acted. They would have to think and act as Maoists.

Why was the Common Programme significant?

It set out the idea that further revolution was needed to make the transition to a socialist democracy. It was significant for 2 key reasons:

• ❖ It recognised that reactionary elements such as former GMD officials, landlords and bandits were to be subjected to a loss of rights, and that they would be allowed to change and become part of society in the future.
• ❖ It set out Mao's idea that further revolution would be required.