Relations with the USSR and China in the 1970s

What was America's relationship with China and the USSR like under Nixon?

America's relationship with China and the USSR under Nixon was far less hostile than it had been in previous years.

Why was there an improvement in America's relationship with China and the USSR under Nixon?

There were a number of reasons for the improvement:

• ❖ The USA and the USSR were pursuing the policy of détente. This was a relaxing of tensions between the two sides.
• ❖ The USA and USSR wanted to reduce tensions because the arms race - the build up of nuclear weapons - was becoming a huge economic burden for both sides.
• ❖ Nixon was under huge pressure to bring an end to the war in Vietnam, and this would be less challenging if he could improve relations with China and the USSR.
• ❖ The Sino-Soviet split (a souring between China and the USSR) paved the way for the USA and China to rebuild relations.

What were the results of America's improved relationship with China and the USSR under Nixon?

America's improved relationship with China and the USSR had a number of results:

• ❖ Improved relations with China led to a symbolic visit to the country by Nixon in February 1972.
• ❖ Nixon also made a historic trip to the USSR, to meet leader Leonid Brezhnev, in May 1972. Photos of Nixon and Brezhnev shaking hands made the front pages of media across the world.
• ❖ The USA dropped its objections to China becoming a member of the United Nations.
• ❖ Nixon used the improved relations as an opportunity to persuade China and the USSR to pressure North Vietnam into ending the war.